Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common type of cancer in the female reproductive organs and the fourth most common cancer overall for women in the United States. EC, which begins as a growth of cells in the uterus, is treatable and has a high survival rate when caught early.
Although endometrial cancer most often affects postmenopausal women, it can occur at any age, particularly in those with certain risk factors like obesity, hormone imbalances or a family history of cancer. Recognizing early symptoms of endometrial cancer can lead to timely diagnosis and more effective treatment.
Learn more about EC signs and symptoms
Abnormal vaginal bleeding
The most common early symptom of endometrial cancer is abnormal vaginal bleeding. This can mean having a period that’s heavier or longer than usual, bleeding in between periods, or bleeding after menopause. For postmenopausal women it’s especially important to tell your doctor about any bleeding – even spotting.
Abnormal bleeding can be a sign of other non-cancer issues and may even be innocuous, but it’s important to have a doctor check it out. This symptom is present in 90% of postmenopausal women who are diagnosed with endometrial cancer, making it crucial not to ignore.
Pelvic pain
Another symptom of endometrial cancer is pelvic pain. While more common in later stages of the disease, it can also occur early on. It may feel like cramping or pressure in your abdominal area or pelvis, just below your belly.
Pain or discomfort during sex or while urinating can also be a sign of endometrial cancer.
Vaginal discharge
Some women may experience vaginal discharge instead of bleeding with endometrial cancer. The discharge may be watery, pink, or white instead of red. Again, vaginal discharge can be an indicator of a number of non-cancer issues, but it’s best to report anything out of the ordinary to your doctor.
Weight loss
Since endometrial cancer can lead to pelvic pain, it may affect appetite and cause unintentional weight loss. This is more common in later stages of the disease.
If you’ve lost weight without trying or making any dietary or lifestyle changes, it’s important to tell your doctor, along with any other symptoms you’re feeling.
Don’t wait to see a professional
Early-stage endometrial cancer is often highly treatable, typically with surgery, and many women have a good prognosis when it’s caught early. There’s currently no routine screening test for endometrial cancer, so awareness of symptoms is key to an early diagnosis.
If you notice any abnormal bleeding, unusual discharge, pelvic discomfort or pain, or unintentional weight loss, don’t hesitate to make an appointment with your doctor. This is especially important for women who have gone through menopause or are at an increased risk of endometrial cancer.
Maintaining regular gynecological checkups and discussing any changes openly with your healthcare provider is good practice to catch any issues – including cancer – early on to get the care you need.
