A hysteroscopy is a minimally-invasive medical procedure used in the diagnosis of endometrial cancer (EC). It allows the doctor to investigate the lining of the uterus and take endometrial tissue samples.
How does a hysteroscopy help diagnose EC?
In around 90% of cases, the first symptom of EC is unexplained bleeding. To uncover why this symptom is occurring your doctor will likely need a tissue sample, which can be done via an endometrial biopsy, dilation and curettage (D&C) or with a hysteroscopy. A hysteroscopy is usually the preferred method, however, as it is less invasive, accurate, faster and allows a clear view of the inside of the uterus.
Learn more about EC testing and diagnosis
What does a hysteroscopy involve?
During a hysteroscopy, a thin, flexible tube that holds a camera and a light is inserted into the uterus via the vagina. Gas or a saline solution is then pushed through the tube to expand the uterus, allowing your doctor to see inside and examine the endometrium.
Biopsies from the uterine lining might taken to help accurately diagnose EC and guide treatment decisions. A hysteroscopy usually only takes 10 to 30 minutes to complete.
Side effects of a hysteroscopy
Diagnostic hysteroscopies generally cause only slight discomfort, with post-procedure cramping or light bleeding a common occurrence. There are some potential risks, namely:
- Causing an infection.
- Puncturing the cervix or uterus.
- Spreading cancer cells into the peritoneal cavity (but this is rare).
Overall, it is considered a safe and key diagnostic tool in accurately diagnosing EC and its stage.
Preparing for a hysteroscopy
As you prepare for your hysteroscopy you may feel a little apprehensive. To have a clear idea of what to expect, start by talking to your gynecologist. Ask specific questions about the procedure to understand more about all aspects, including pain, discomfort and recovery time.
Here are some topics that need to be covered before the procedure:
- Local vs general anesthetic: A hysteroscopy might be performed under local or general anesthesia, depending on the specifics of your procedure. Talk with your doctor about your options and how they’ll influence your preparation for the procedure.
- Pain relief options: Over-the-counter medications are sometimes recommended if you have cramping; talk with your doctor beforehand about the best options, and what to avoid.
- Getting to and from the appointment: If you receive local anesthetic you can drive yourself home shortly after your procedure; if you receive general anesthesia, though, you will need someone to drive you home after, and will need to spend time recovering first.
- Recovery and follow up: Discuss how long you will need to rest; if you will need to take time off work; what to avoid after the procedure, and for how long; and the timing of follow-up appointments and results.
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